Nr. 1 / 2020 – Luthers Reformation in Literatur, Sprache und Kultur. Herausgegeben von Markus Fischer und Raluca Rădulescu
Heft Nr. 1 / 2020 herunterladen.
MARKUS FISCHER „Die Wittembergisch Nachtigall, die man jetzt höret überall“ – Die Reformation Martin Luthers im Werk des Nürnberger Poeten Hans Sachs
Abstract. The present paper deals with the productive impact of Martin Luther’s reformatory doctrine as being reflected in selected works of the Nuremberg shoemaker, poet and meistersinger Hans Sachs: in his poem Die Wittembergisch Nachtigall, die man jetzt höret überall (1523), in the first of his four reformatory prose dialogues Disputation zwischen einem Chorherren und Schuhmacher, darin das Wort Gottes und ein recht christlich Wesen verfochten wird (1524) as well as in his religious aubade Von dem Wort Gottes (1525) and in his poetic version of the eleventh psalm Ich trau auf Gott, den Herren mein (1526). The paper elucidates as to what extent the literary work of Hans Sachs was steeped in the fundamental ideas of Martin Luther’s reformatory discovery during those early years of protestant Reformation and how strongly Hans Sachs engaged in the publishing business during the beginning of the reformatory era in Germany.
Keywords: Protestant Reformation, Nuremberg, meistersinging, Hans Sachs, Martin Luther.
SUSANNA KONNERTH Martin Luther als Romangestalt am Beispiel von Feridun Zaimoglus Evangelio. Ein Luther-Roman
Abstract. Literature is about fictions, yet simultaneously entwines historic events as the reformer Martin Luther is made a character of Feridun Zaimoglu’s latest novel Evangelio (2017).
“If you stay true to your word, I shall stay with my affliction”: Opposed to the raw and ferocious first-person-narrator Burkhard, a catholic farmhand, Martin Luther stays at the Wartburg from the 4th of May 1521 to the 1st of March 1522, as he translates the New Testament into German.
The present paper is concerned with Luther’s portrait as a historic figure in Zaimoglu’s novel. Based on guiding questions regarding the explorations of space and time, the suspenseful narrative perspective is analysed, which, in addition to the narrator Burkhard, reaches a new dimension through a montage of Luther’s letters to Philipp Melanchthon and Georg Spalatin. Examinations of Luther’s characterisation are placed in the foreground of this paper and are further illustrated through the functions and effects of focusing and antithesis as narrative strategies.
Keywords: Reformation, Martin Luther, Feridun Zaimoglu, antithesis, narrative strategies.
MIHAI DRAGANOVICI Übersetzungsauftrag: dem Volk aufs Maul schauen. Martin Luthers Maßstab zur Bibelübersetzung
Abstract. Martin Luther was a pioneer in many ways: he was the first to translate the Bible into German from the original languages, Greek and Hebrew, considering also the Latin Vulgate. Thanks to his translation work, he was also the first to succeed in laying the basis for a unitary German linguistic culture and making a significant contribution to the formation of the modern German language. As far as the translation process is concerned, Luther “imposed” himself a main translation assignment: not to stick to the wording of the source text, but to recreate its meaning. The so-called “eindeutschende/ Germanizing” version of the Bible prompted him to comment on his approach in theoretical writings. These topics will be dealt with in the first part of this paper.
The next section of the article focuses on the connection between Luther’s reflections on the translation process and the modern functional translation theories, especially the Skopos theory. Developed by Hans Vermeer in the early 1980s, it considers the purpose as the dominant feature of any translation. In terms of functional theories, one can also speak about the functioning of the translation in the target culture and especially on the target culture recipient. Thus, focus will be laid on the primary and secondary translation targets Luther took into consideration when translating the holy texts as they appear in his theoretical writings and as applied in his work. A parallel will be also drawn to the guidelines of the modern Skopos theory.
Keywords: Martin Luther, Bible translation, Protestant Reformation, Skopos theory, translation target, translation of the Psalms.
ALEXANDRA NICOLAESCU Das Bild Martin Luthers in Heinz Schillings Martin Luther: Rebell in einer Zeit des Umbruchs
Abstract. The historian Heinz Schilling tries to depict in his biographical work Martin Luther: Rebell in einer Zeit des Umbruchs not only the life stages of the reformer, but also tries to analyze the historical context which had influenced Luther’s life and work. From this point of view he chooses the renewal of church and society in the 16th century as a main topic and discusses the differences between the catholic and protestant moral concepts. Besides the analysis of the social changes that have followed Martin Luther’s reformation the author manages to distance himself from a strictly theological approach. In the following article I intend to look into the image of Martin Luther as recreated by Heinz Schilling with the aim of discovering whether the author perseveres in perpetuating the classical image of Luther as a German hero and savior or not. My point of interest hereby is to examine to what extent the author expresses a critical way of looking at the reformer’s actions and contributions to German society.
Keywords: 16th century, biography, reformer, Martin Luther, protestant moral concept.
RALUCA RĂDULESCU Hieronymus Bosch: Hybridität als Kontinuum?
Abstract. The article deals with the hybrid in Hieronymus Bosch’s work and interrogates the way in which one can make use of this pattern drawing a parallel from theology and history of art to the cultural studies. One of the main questions in the article is if the hybrid functions at Bosch as a composition principle and aesthetic paradigm and to which extent some of his most famous paintings show it as the sign of a negative anthropology, of a lack of humannness and humanity, or on the contrary one can see it as the return to the animal status as synonym to a paradise-like innocence. All in one: there is a certain fluid continuum at stake, that lays bare a porous space between the human and the animal reign, which one can link and value at the level of cultural studies to a poetics of openness, which nowadays is more than welcome when it comes to concepts and theories of alterity and transcultural encounters.
Keywords: Hybridity, Hieronymus Bosch, hybrid, animal ethics, identity.
CHRISTEL BALTES-LÖHR Geschlechterverhältnisse vor, während und nach 1517. Analysiert anhand der Figur des Kontinuums
Abstract. Can we consider 1517 the year of major changes in the field of gender relations? This article discusses the question of how far the Protestant Reformation has influenced the living conditions and the realm of ideas of so-called women in an emancipatory way. The paper raises the question, for example, in how far the awakening of nuns and their departure from monasteries can be considered a departure from traditional ideas, or more a response to the call of a “New Lord”. In the light of the figure of the Continuum, the article provides exemplary insights into the gender related world before, during and after 1517. We can see a strengthening of the role of married women as well as an increasing acceptance of female writers, political actors and entrepreneurs. With regard to sexuality, as well, medieval ideas of chastity are overcome from 1517 onwards. However, documentations of the lives of so-called inter- and/or transsex/gender-related persons during the period of the Protestant Reformation have not yet been found.
Keywords: Gender relations, women, Protestant Reformation, continuum, transgender.
BJÖRN APELKVIST Ingmar Bergman and the Mental Effects of Protestantism – Some Viewpoints on his Autobiography Laterna Magica
Abstract. Ingmar Bergman grew up with, in his own words, the “wretched kettle of fish” called Protestantism, under the influence of an authoritarian father who was a clergyman. How was he in a more concrete, on the daily existence focused way, influenced by this ambitiously Protestant background? A unique resource in understanding the more behavioural, personality-related aspects of the Protestant traces in Ingmar Bergman, is his autobiography Laterna Magica. An example of this is the episode when he witnesses his father rectify a young clergyman. The father’s strict sense of discipline and duty, of carrying out one’s professional and moral obligations no matter what, is in perfect accordance with the image we get of Ingmar Bergman himself in his autobiography. Another theme that runs through Ingmar Bergman’s childhood memories in Laterna Magica, is the guilt and terror of entering puberty, of discovering sexuality. The article elaborates these two and more aspects of Laterna Magica, that point to the behavioural and mental ghost of Protestantism, which seems to have haunted Ingmar Bergman all through his life, however with effects that came to have both constructive, productive consequences on his life and work, as well as destructive and negative ones.
Keywords: Protestantism, Ingmar Bergman, Laterna Magica, Lutheran work ethics, Swedish mentality.
ÅSA APELKVIST Bibel-Phraseologismen im Schwedischen und Deutschen aus kontrastiver Sicht
Abstract. In German, as well as in Swedish, there are a lot of phrasemes or idioms which all date back to Martin Luther’s Bible translation. Often, these idioms have a similar meaning and a similar or even an identical structure. Normally, they are listed in bilingual dictionaries, but without the small and important differences being pointed out. In this article, on the basis of many examples from the Internet, I conduct a contrastive analysis of 9 common Bible idioms. Thereby I analyze if there are semantic or stylistic differences, if the idioms really are used to the same degree and what the syntactic valences look like. Simultaneously, the descriptions of the idioms in dictionaries are discussed.
Keywords: Bible idioms, semantics, contrastive analysis.
IOANA HERMINE FIERBINȚEANU Bemerkungen zur nominalen und pronominalen Anrede in geistlichen Gemeinschaften (Klöstern) in dem deutschen und rumänischen Kulturkreis
Abstract. When people are supposed to talk to an interlocutor, they have to choose a linguistic form of address in order to initiate and maintain some type of relation. In my paper I try to show the differences between the German and the Romanian referential address of the interlocutor, which can be done with nominal (proper name, title, kinship terms, etc.), or pronominal (tu, vos etc.) expressions. The nominal and pronominal forms are the most common mechanisms used to address a Catholic, orthodox or a Lutheran nun or monk and the object of study of my investigation.
In Germany there are Catholic and Lutheran monasteries, while in Romania there are Catholic, Lutheran and orthodox monasteries. In my research I tried to identify the nominal and pronominal expressions in German and Romanian, which are suggested by the Catholic, Orthodox and Lutheran church. The next phase involved interviews with test persons, who did not know whom they were expected to address and how, but were able to address nuns and monks. Even theology graduates did not know what expressions to choose, but they knew where to find the information. The final phase involved the comparison of the expressions used by test persons in everyday life.
Keywords: Address forms, (pro)nominal expressions, (in)formal, reverend mother/father, father.